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In SMAW, TIG, MIG-MAG, FCAW and SAW, the main types of welding defects that occur are- Undercut, spatters, crater crack, Underfill, open to surface pore/ defect when it is within the permissible range of extent according to the SAW. Fig. 1 UNEVEN WELD BEAD RIPPLES. Definition: Abrupt changes in the In SAW the welding heat source is an arc - maintained between a consumable electrode and the workpiece. • The arc and molten metal are "submerged" in a. Minimizing Defects in Submerged Arc Welding Understanding and controlling the submerged arc welding process can help you reduce or avoid defects. oped a new submerged arc welding (SAW) process for high-strength and heavy wall thickness UOE causing welding defects such as lack of fusion, incom-.The submerged arc welding (SAW) process was first patented in 1935 and li- censed by Union Carbide a year later. Union Carbide marketed the process and.