Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) x86 instruction set: used in Intel 8086 CPU and its Intel 8088 variants. z/Architecture instruction set: is IBM's 64-bit instruction set architecture implemented by its mainframe computers. Intel 8080: An improved instruction set used in Intel 8080 microprocessor. Minimal instruction set computers (MISC) Microprocessor 8086 : Architecture, Programming and Interfacing An Instruction Set Simulator for the 8086 16-bit Microprocessor Fundamentals of Digital Logic and Microcomputer Design Microprocessor System Survey of Advanced Microprocessors Designed for a one-semester course in Finite Element Method, this compact and well-organized text The legacy of the 8086 is enduring in the basic instruction set of today's personal computers and servers; the 8086 also lent its last two digits to later extended versions of the design, such as the Intel 286 and the Intel 386, all of which eventually became known as the x86 family. 8086 Instruction Set Summary Data Transfer Instructions MOV Move byte or word to register or memory IN, OUT Input byte or word from port, output word to port LEA Load effective address LDS, LES Load pointer using data segment, extra segment PUSH, POP Push word onto stack, pop word off stack XCHG Exchange byte or word Microprocessor - 8086 Overview. 8086 Microprocessor is an enhanced version of 8085Microprocessor that was designed by Intel in 1976. It is a 16-bit Microprocessor having 20 address lines and16 data lines that provides up to 1MB storage. It consists of powerful instruction set, which provides operations like multiplication and division easily. x86 is a family of complex instruction set computer (CISC) instruction set architectures initially developed by Intel based on the Intel 8086 microprocessor and its 8088 variant. The 8086 was introduced in 1978 as a fully 16-bit extension of Intel's 8-bit 8080 microprocessor, with memory segmentation as a solution for addressing more memory than can be covered by a plain 16-bit address. Arithmetic instructions in 8086 microprocessor. These instructions are used to perform arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc. In 8086 the destination address is need not to be the accumulator. Let us see the arithmetic instructions of 8086 microprocessor. Here the D and S are destination and source Let us see the logical instructions of 8086 microprocessor. Here the D, S and C are destination and source and count respectively. D, S and C can be either register, data or memory address. Used for adding each bit in a byte/word with the corresponding bit in another byte/word. Used to multiply each bit in a byte/word with the corresponding bit 8086/8088 Instruction Encoding DISP follows 2nd byte of instruction (before data if required) 76543210 data it w —1 .except if mod 00 and r 1m 110 then EA disp.high. disp-low 76 s 43210 data DATA TRANSFER MOV Move: Register/ memory to/from register Immediate to register/ memory Immediate to register Memory to accumulator Accumulator to memory hot key to < I > Step Over (to make macro code execute at maximum speed set < B > step delay to zero), otherwise emulator will step through each instruction of a macro. Here is an example that uses PRINTN macro: < PRE > < FONT FACE =" Fixedsys " > include 'emu8086.inc' ORG 100h: MOV AL, 1: MOV BL, 2: PRINTN 'Hello World!' ; macro. MOV CL, 3 8086 Instruction Encoding-1 Encoding of 8086 Instructions! 8086 Instructions are rep