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with CBM, identified as Fonsecaea pedrosoi infection by fungal culture and gene sequenc-ing. This patient was successfully treated with a regimen of oral itraconazole (ITZ) and terbina-fine lasting 7 months. Through in vitro drug sensitivity tests, minimum inhibitory concen-trations of amphotericin, ITZ, and terbinafine were 1 lg/ml, 0.25 lg/ml, and 1 lg/ml, respectively. In this case We report the isolation of Fonsecaea pedrosoi from thorns of the plant Mimosa pudica L. at the place of infection identified by one of our patients. Clinical diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis was established by direct microscopic examination and cultures from the patient's lesion. The same species was isolated from the patient and from the plant. Scanning electron microscopy of the surface Fonsecaea (F.) pedrosoi in a 39-year-old male, who showed multiple, asymptomatic, scaly erythematous plaques on the left shin for 12 months. Histopathologically, chronic granulomatous inflammation and either sclerotic or muriform cells were observed. The fungal culture produced typical black colonies of F. pedrosoi. The DNA sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the Fonsecaea pedrosoi is one of several main causative agents of human chromoblastomycosis, a chronic fungal infection localized to skin and subcutaneous tissue. The disease was first described by Alexandrino Pedroso in 1911. The fungus infects the host through the traumatic implantation of sexual spores known as conidia or hyphal fragments. Fig. 3 - Micromorphology of the black fungi define the species as F. pedrosoi. Culture and microculture of black fungi obtained from M. pudica (A and C) or from the patient's lesion (B and D) demonstrated the same pattern. Macroscopic examination of the colonies revealed black filamentous fungi with a velvet surface and dark green color (A and B). Micromorphology showed dematiaceous hyphae Isolation of Phialophora verrucosa and Fonsecaea pedrosoi from nature in Japan T. Iwatsu l, M. Miyaji 2 & S. Okamoto 3 i Division of Dermatology, Narita Red Cross Hospital, 90-1 Iidacho, Narita, Chiba 286, Japan 2 Department of FoodHygiene, Research Institute for Chemobiodynamics, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Supplementary Figure 4: Immunofluorescence of NETs stimulated by hyphae of F. pedrosoi.WT neutrophils were resuspended in media (control) or incubated with F. pedrosoi hyphae for 180 min. Afterward, neutrophils were fixed with 4% (v/v) PFA for 15 min, followed by permeabilization with PBS-T for 15 min. Cells were then incubated with antihistone 3 antibody for 1 h followed by incubation with Lipase activity was demonstrable titrimetrically in the culture filtrates of Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Phialophora verrucosa on the 6th day of incubation reaching a peak on the 15th and 12th days respectively for the two fungi. Purified lipases of F. pedrosoi and P. verrucosa, with specific activities of 36.0 and 39.4 fold increase respectively, were obtained by cold acetone extraction, gel Fonsecaea pedrosoi is the major causative agent of chromo-blastomycosis, a subcutaneous fungal disease occurring most frequently in tropical and subtropical areas (13, 32). Infection by F. ped